New upstream releases include a soname bump in libpoppler.so (and sometimes in libpoppler-cpp.so as well).
You can run sogrep on the built poppler package, targeting libpoppler.so (same should be done targetting libpoppler-cpp.so if it had a soname bump too), to identify the list of packages to rebuilb against it (e.g. for repo in core extra; do for lib in $(find-libprovides poppler-24.12.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst | sed 's/=.*//g'); do sogrep -r $repo libpoppler.so; done; done | sort | uniq).

Creating ToDos to track those rebuilds (in staging) is encouraged. For instance: https://archlinux.org/todo/poppler-24120/